When dealing with the import of goods to the United States, one crucial system that comes into play is the Automated Manifest System (AMS). If you’re involved in international shipping, understanding AMS is essential. In this blog, we’ll explore what AMS is, its purpose, how to file it, and the fees associated with it—all explained in very simple terms.
What is AMS?
The Automated Manifest System (AMS) is an electronic system used by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). It was introduced to help manage and monitor the import of goods into the United States. AMS allows customs authorities to receive and review documentation about incoming shipments before they arrive at U.S. ports.
By doing this, AMS speeds up the process of clearing goods through customs and ensures that the imported goods are safe and comply with U.S. laws.
Full Form of AMS
AMS stands for Automated Manifest System. The word “manifest” refers to a document listing all the cargo on a ship, airplane, or other transportation vehicles. Therefore, AMS is a system that automates the process of submitting and managing these cargo lists.
Purpose of AMS
AMS was primarily designed to reduce the time it takes to import cargo into the United States. However, its purpose has expanded over time. Now, AMS also plays a crucial role in:
- Safety and Security: AMS helps in keeping goods under inspection, ensuring they are safe and meet U.S. regulations.
- Efficient Processing: By receiving cargo information in advance, customs can process shipments more quickly.
- Preventing Delays: When AMS fillings are done correctly and on time, it prevents delays in customs clearance.
What is AMS Filing?
AMS Filing is the process of submitting information about the goods being shipped to the United States to the CBP. This information must be sent electronically through the AMS at least 24 hours before the ship departs from the port of origin.
The filing includes details such as the type of goods, who is shipping them, who is receiving them, and where the goods are going.
Who Needs to File AMS?
The AMS filing is typically the responsibility of the Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier (NVOCC) or the freight forwarder. These parties are responsible for ensuring that all the information provided in the filing is accurate. If there are any mistakes or missing information, they may face penalties.
How Does AMS Work?
AMS works by receiving and processing data about the cargo before it arrives in the U.S. Here’s a simple breakdown of how AMS works:
- Pre-loading Information: Before the cargo is loaded onto a ship, the carrier or freight forwarder must submit specific details about the shipment to AMS. This is done according to the “10+2” rule, which requires the submission of 10 data elements about the cargo and 2 documents, including the Importer Security Filing (ISF).
- Cargo Reporting: Once the cargo is on the way, more information is submitted to AMS. This includes details from the House Bill of Lading (BOL), a document that outlines what is being shipped, the quantity, and other essential details.
- Arrival Reporting: When the ship arrives at the U.S. port, additional information is submitted, confirming that the cargo has arrived and is ready for inspection or release.
Checklist for AMS Filing
When filing an AMS, the following information must be included:
- Description of Goods: A detailed explanation of what is being shipped.
- Quantity of Goods: The number of items in the shipment.
- Shipping and Receiving Parties: Full names and addresses of both the sender and the recipient.
- Container Identification Number: A unique number that identifies the shipping container.
- Seal Number: The serial number of the seal used to secure the container.
- Arrival Date: When the shipment is expected to arrive in the U.S.
- Hazardous Material Code: If applicable, the code for any hazardous materials in the shipment.
- Port Information: The last foreign port before the ship heads to the U.S., and the first U.S. port of entry.
- Vessel Information: The name of the ship, its identification number, the country where it’s registered, and other relevant details.
When to File AMS?
AMS filings must be done at least 24 hours before the cargo leaves the port of origin. This 24-hour rule is crucial because failing to meet this deadline can result in hefty fines and penalties.
For example, if goods are being shipped from India to the U.S., and the ship stops in Hong Kong before continuing to its final destination, the AMS filing must be done 24 hours before the ship leaves Hong Kong.
Steps to File an AMS
If you need to file an AMS, you can do so through the CBP’s online system. Here’s how:
- Access the AMS System: Log in to the CBP’s website and select the AMS menu.
- Start a New Transaction: Click on the option to begin a new AMS filing.
- Enter Required Information: Fill in details like the broker reference number, shipper reference number, and other necessary information.
- Add Cargo Details: Enter information about the cargo, including the container ID, country of origin, and destination port.
- Submit Bill of Lading Details: Include the Bill of Lading number, port of loading, and other relevant details.
- Enter Container Information: If the shipment is containerized, enter the container details; if not, select the non-containerized option.
- Complete the Filing: Save the information and mark the AMS filing as complete.
- Print or Email: You can also print or email the completed AMS filing for your records.
How to Check AMS Status?
After submitting an AMS filing, you can check its status through the CBP’s system. The status can be checked using the Freight Status Information (FSI) option, which lets you see updates and notifications about your shipment.
For air shipments, the Freight Status Notification (FSN) is sent to the cargo custodian. This message authorizes the movement or release of the goods. The FSI, on the other hand, is just an update on the shipment status.
Communication for AMS, especially for air shipments, is often handled by specialized networks like Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated (ARINC) or SITA. These companies provide IT and telecommunication services to the air transport industry.
Fees Associated with AMS
When it comes to AMS, there are some fees involved. The AMS fees are usually based on the Bill of Lading (BOL) or Airway Bill. These fees are charged for the electronic transfer of information about the shipment to the CBP.
Countries that Require AMS Filing
The United States is not the only country that requires AMS filing. Other countries with similar requirements include:
- Canada
- Mexico
- China
- Japan
In all these countries, the AMS filing must be completed at least 24 hours before the cargo is loaded onto the ship. This is a security measure to ensure that the goods being imported are safe and comply with the regulations of the importing country.
Conclusion
The Automated Manifest System (AMS) is a crucial part of the international shipping process, especially when importing goods into the United States. Understanding how AMS works, when to file, and what details are required can help ensure a smooth and efficient customs clearance process. By following the guidelines and submitting the required information on time, shippers can avoid delays and penalties, making the entire process more straightforward.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the AMS Filing by NVOCC?
An NVOCC is required by U.S. CBP regulations to file a cargo manifest before loading the goods onto a ship. The NVOCC can file this manifest directly with the CBP or have it done by a third party or ocean carrier. The AMS filing by NVOCC must include all the necessary details at the House Bill of Lading level.
What is the AMS Bill of Lading?
The AMS Bill of Lading is a document issued by the NVOCC from the supplier to the consignee. It contains all the necessary data required for the AMS filing. This data is linked electronically to the carrier’s master Bill of Lading on the AMS manifest.
What are AMS Charges?
AMS charges refer to the fees associated with the electronic filing of shipment details through the AMS. These charges are usually calculated based on the Bill of Lading or Airway Bill.
